Shel Silverstein Biography Essays - Childrens Poetry,

Shel Silverstein Biography Shelly Silverstein, most ordinarily known as Shel Silverstein. He is most popular in kids' writing for his verse; in any case, he was additionally a visual artist, writer, lyricist and society artist. Silverstein's work, which he outlined himself, is described by a deft blending of the wily and the genuine, the grotesque and the downright senseless. Silverstein was conceived on September 25, 1930 in Chicago, Illinois. His devilish, jubilant amusingness is darling by incalculable grown-ups just as by kids. Shel started composing as a little fellow in Chicago. In spite of the fact that he would prefer to have been playing baseball or pursuing young ladies, he was unable to catch or hit a ball, and the young ladies were not intrigued by him. He gave his energies to composing. He built up his own one of a kind composing style at a youthful age and was new to the verse of the extraordinary artists of his time. I was fortunate to the point that I didn't have anybody to duplicate, be intrigued by. I had built up my own style, I was making before I knew there was a Thurber, a Benchley, a Price and a Steinberg. I never observed their work until I was around thirty By the time young ladies were keen on him he was associated with his work. Silverstein never anticipated composition and drawing for kids. His companion, Tomi Ungerer, carried him to Ursula Nordstom's office where she persuaded him to do youngsters' books. One of his soonest and best books, The Giving Tree, was dismissed by supervisor William Cole. Cole felt that the book fell among grown-ups' and youngsters' writing and could never sell. In Silverstein's eyes, it was an anecdote around two individuals; one gives and different takes. At last, the two grown-ups and youngsters grasped the book. He trusted that individuals, regardless of what age, could relate to his different books also. His works incorporate Falling Up (1996), Where the Sidewalk Ends (1981), A Light in the Attic (1981), The Missing Piece Meets the Big O (1982). He won honors for every one of the three books: The Michigan Young Readers Award for Where the Sidewalk Ends (1981); a School Library Journal Best Books (1982) for A Light in the Attic, an International Reading Association's Children's Choices Award for The Missing Piece Meets the Big O. Alluding to Shel Silverstein as a youngsters' creator and halting there, endeavors to restrict an incredible man who was considerably more. The composition of youngsters' verse is just 50% of the Shel Silverstein story. He really began cartooning when he was in the U.S. Armed force for Pacific Stars and Stripes In 1956, he grabbed the eye of Hugh Hefner, and started his deep rooted relationship with Playboy magazine providing impactful grown-up kid's shows and other humor.?It wasn't until the 60's that he composed his first youngsters' book, The Giving Tree, and discovered wide-spread notoriety as a kids' writer. ? Silverstein's natural authority of absurdity, parody and astute word play charmed him to all age gatherings.? Much subsequent to entering the youngsters' market, he kept composition for Playboy just as composing verses for craftsmen, for example, Dr. Snare, Bobby Bare, Johnny Cash, Loretta Lynn, Kris Kristofferson, the Serendipity Singers and some more. Regularly there are two variants to a Silverstein sonnet.? Once in a while we stumble into a melody form and a Playboy adaptation. Shel Silverstein's grown-up verses, sonnets and kid's shows represented his kin and road astute he comprehen ded human instinct of all ages.?Silverstein's cartooning and verse regularly focused on sexuality and the medication culture yet never without an attentive message, exercise, or calm perception. A significant number of Silverstein's works that are viewed as youngsters' writing started in the grown-up class and the other way around. Somebody Ate the Baby is from Shel Silverstein's: Songs and Stories collection, 1978. A similar sonnet shows up in Silverstein's Where the Sidewalk Ends as Dreadful. Shel Silverstein died May 10, 1999 from a coronary failure. He will be associated with ages to get through the delight he will keep on bringing to youngsters and grown-ups through his labor of love. English Essays

Negative Consequences of Economic Growth in Bangladesh Essay

Negative Consequences of Economic Growth in Bangladesh - Essay Example Natural harm is additionally inseparably connected to two broadening holes that go inseparably: the hole among rich and poor and the hole among created and creating nations (Stenzel, 2002). This is normally alluded to as the irregularity in a country's pay conveyance. Financial development supposedly widens the hole between the salary of rich and poor. Kuznets (1971) refers to that one captivating part of basic change brought by financial development is that it speaks to shifts in the relative offers in the economy of the particular populace bunches connected to specific creation areas. Monetary development perforce achieves a decrease in the general situation of one gathering after another - of ranchers, of little scope makers, of landowners - a change not effortlessly acknowledged, and, indeed, as history shows us, frequently stood up to. The persistent unsettling influence of prior relative situation of the few financial gatherings is pregnant with strife - in spite of the ascents in total salary or item basic to all groups.3 On account of less created nations, Kuznets cites, may require alterations in the accessible load of material innovation, and presumably significantly more prominent developments in political and social structure.4 Also, Stenzel refers to that notwithstanding expanding riches on a worldwide scale, about portion of the world's kin live on $2 every day or less, and in any event 1.2 million individuals live on under $1 per day. The Case of Bangladesh The table beneath shows financial development as creation of merchandise and ventures inside the Bangladesh's limits is developing decidedly since 1990-2005. It ought to be noticed that in 2005, the nation's GDP speaks to a 110% change from the 1990 level. Be that as it may, Landesman (1994) refers to that escalated shrimp culture in Bangladesh5 may prompt the loss of mangrove natural surroundings as most shrimp cultivating in Southeast Asia happens on recovered mangrove woodlands. It must be noticed that mangrove backwoods are fundamentally significant living spaces for the generation and development of shrimp postlarvae and adolescents and their substitution by shrimp lakes will unfavorably influence the enrollment of larval fish and shrimp in the zones concerned. Additionally, as Bangladesh is as yet subject to gathering wild shrimp present hatchlings on stock shrimp lakes, exhaustion of neighborhood populaces of shrimp postlarvae can happen because of this gathering (Bashirullah 1989, Turner 1986). In Bangladesh, authorities of shrimp postlarvae additionally get fish hatchlings and little spineless creatures. This bycatch is permitted to bite the dust on the sea shore. Practices, for example, this may unfavorably influence populace s of other fish and spineless creatures in the Bay of Bengal. As far as pay circulation, we can see that Bangladesh greater part of the nation's riches is amassed in the hands of the high society. The latest information on pay dissemination refers to that during 2006, which the most noteworthy 10% in the populace represents practically 28.96% of the absolute pay while the least 10% holds a pitiful 3%. This is additionally exasperated by the ongoing financial improvement which places a high grouping of development in salary in the hands of first class (Economy of Bangladesh, 2006). Eutrophication of encompassing waterfront zones from supplements released in shrimp lake effluents is an approaching issue on the water regions worried in Bangladesh, which is particularly valid for escalated shrimp culture frameworks for the high taking care of, treatment and water trade rates require visit release

Making Pronouns Inclusive By Making Them Plural Richmond Writing

Making Pronouns Inclusive By Making Them Plural Richmond Writing Faculty members ideas vary on this, and our Writers Web page about pronoun usage provides the canny advice to ask a professor. The author of this post is far from politically correct in many areas, but it has always made good rhetorical sense to avoid gendering language when an audience includes men and women. In a pinch, I can rewrite any sentence to keep it both grammatically correct and inclusive. Every summer, we edit our handbook for Writing Consultants, and I am surprised that three female editors still kept in sentences like this one: Have the writer identify his main point by asking when it is easily broadened to Have writers identify main points by asking. This revision has the virtue of brevity.   Using his or her seems awkward. I invite readers to come up with a sentence that cannot be revised by making it plural, save when an obvious gender-specific reference must be made.

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The Importance of the Wallpaper in The Yellow Wallpaper...

The Importance of the Wallpaper in The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper takes a close look at one womans mental deterioration. The narrator is emotionally isolated from her husband. Due to the lack of interaction with other people the woman befriends the reader by secretively communicating her story in a diary format. Her attitude towards the wallpaper is openly hostile at the beginning, but ends with an intimate and liberating connection. During the gradual change in the relationship between the narrator and the wallpaper, the yellow paper becomes a mirror, reflecting the process the woman is going through in her room. When the narrator first sees the paper she is repulsed by the shade and the pattern. It is†¦show more content†¦She can identify the shape of a woman. In her real life she is less and less the woman John used to know and is becoming more of her own person, but her ability to identify with the woman in the paper frightens her. There are things in that paper that nobody knows but me, or ever will. Behind that outside pattern the dim shapes get clearer every day. It is always the same shape, only very numerous. And it is like a woman, stooping down and creeping about behind that pattern. I dont like it a bit. I wonder--I begin to think--I wish John would take me away from here! As the time passes she can clearly see the woman in the paper. The woman in the paper is quiet and peaceful during the day, but at night she is imprisoned by the bars in the paper. This is reflection helps the narrator identify her own bars--her husband John. He is away during the day and at home in the same bed with her at night. She also identifies with the woman in the paper by sharing their similar routine. At night in any kind of light, in twilight, candlelight, lamplight, and worst of all by moonlight, it becomes bars! The outside pattern I mean, and the woman behind it is as plain as can be...by daylight she is subdued, quiet. I fancy its the pattern that keeps her so still. It is so puzzling. It keeps me quiet by the hour. With only a week left at the house, there is a distinct change in the narrator. She becomes bolder in her interaction withShow MoreRelated The Importance of Setting in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman3197 Words   |  13 Pagesconnotations, the narrator embarks upon its description immediately--it is the house that she wants to talk about (Gilman 11). Together with its landscape, the house is a most beautiful place that stands quite alone . . . well back from the road, quite three miles from the village (Gilman 11). The estates grounds, moreover, consist of hedges and walls and gates that lock (Gilman 11). As such, the house and its grounds are markedly depicted as mechanisms of confinement--ancestral places situatedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1727 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of the Short Story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Originally published in January 1892 issue of New England Magazine. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s short story The Yellow Wallpaper was personal to her own struggles with anxiety and depression after the birth of her daughter with her first husband and S. Weir Mitchell s resting cure treatment she received. The Yellow Wallpaper describes, from the patients point of view, the fall into madness of a woman who is creativelyRead MoreMiddle Class Women in 19th Century American Society1245 Words   |  5 Pages story â€Å"The yellow wallpaper† the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman says some things about the way women were treated by men back then in the 19th century. Women’s roles and place in the 19th century American society are very humiliating, rational for this society and weird. Women back then were treated as â€Å"something† not as â₠¬Å"someone† that is to say useless beings, that do not have brains. The yellow wallpaper symbolizes somethingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1269 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2017 Analysis of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Life during the 1800s for a woman was rather distressing. Society had essentially designated them the role of being a housekeeper and bearing children. They had little to no voice on how they lived their daily lives. Men decided everything for them. To clash with society s conventional views is a challenging thing to do; however, Charlotte Perkins Gilman does an excellent job fighting that battle by writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† one of the most captivatingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1312 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific meaning, or to bring light to certain issues in real life. The short story titled â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written in 1892 about a woman named Jane who is diagnosed with depression and given a treatment named the â€Å"rest cure.† Charlotte Perkins Gilman created this story based on her experiences with the â€Å"rest cure† and sent it to the creator of the treatment, S. Weir Mitchell, for criticism (Gilman 419). When read, this short story is usually seen through a feminist critical lense, but it canRead MoreFeminist Perspective on Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper, Written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is comprised as an assortment of journal entries written in first person, by a woman who has been confined to a room by her physician husband who he believes suffers a temporary nervous depression, when she is actually suffering from postpartum depression. He prescribes her a â€Å"rest cure†. The woman remains anonymous throughout the story. She becomes obsessed with the yellow wallpaper that surrounds her in the room, and engages in some outrageousRead MoreSymbolism of the Setting of The Yellow Wallpaper1198 Words   |  5 PagesVolpe 1 Marissa Volpe Prof. Baker ENC 1102 4/10/14 Symbolism In The Gothic Setting of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Gothic literature is incredibly distinct. There is a sort of formula involved with writing in the Gothic style, and one of the most important aspects of this is the setting, which can include anything from the architecture of the buildings to the color of the leaves on the trees. The setting of a story is a vital element, as it would seem to be that the most effective way of drawing Read MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pagesthe story, The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Gilman a woman and her husband move into a large secluded house. The husband, being an intelligent physician, informs his wife that this would be the best cure for her illness. The wife wanting to please her husband does as he says. She becomes fascinated and oddly obsessed with the wallpaper in the bedroom. This fascination causes her to become even more insane then she was in the beginning. Charlotte Gilman’s story The Yellow Wallpaper and other works

Magazine Article Summary Free Essays

II. What is the main idea of the article? Colleges and universities have begun to build university linked housing for older alumni. This offers the alumni the ability to take part on campus, but it also creates revenue for schools needing more funding. We will write a custom essay sample on Magazine Article Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now III. How does the author support his main ideas? Dan Kadlec, the author of this article, interviewed representatives from UCLA and Ohio State University about the creation of university linked retirement villages. Both representatives were quite excited about the idea, with David Kane from UCLA hoping to create at least a dozen areas that could hold all ages of UCLA graduates. Bonnie Kantor, from Ohio State, looks more toward the wealth of knowledge that older students will bring to classes and dreams of the impact that building assisted living facilities around medical and nursing schools could have. Fifty facilities have been built around the country, some of the most notable being at Penn State, Notre Dame, and the University of Florida. Care has to be taken that the facilities don’t resemble retirement homes, because if they do it is likely â€Å"Baby Boomers† will not want to move in. Much more important than the input of older students on classes is the money that they will add to the schools’ bottom line. Adequate funding is becoming difficult to get, and private schools have become too expensive for most students. Building these villages is not cheap, but neither is the rent. Schools also hope that alumni who are deeply involved with the school will be willing to give bigger and better donations as well. Of course, there are the naysayers. There is worry that allegations of abuse from an assisted living facility could ruin the schools both financially and in reputation. There is also the concern that small schools might build facilities and not have enough interest to make them profitable. The search for funding does not end at retirement villages, however. Some schools are offering burial on the campus grounds. IV. New Vocabulary 1. Gerontology – (n.) the comprehensive study of aging and the problems of the aged 2. Fizzle – (n.) an abortive effort, faliure 3. Boomers – (n.) a person born during a baby boom 4. Assets – (n.) the entire property of a person, association, corporation, or estate applicable or subject to the payment of debts 5. Auditing – (v.) to attend a course without working for or expecting to receive formal credit       How to cite Magazine Article Summary, Essay examples

Ek Ruka Hua Faisla free essay sample

Power Of Communication Ek Ruka Hua Faisla is a movie about 19 years old boy who was a suspect for murder of his father. There was a committee of 12 people assigned to decide whether boy was culprit or not. This is a movie about different organizational behavior. In this movie we observe the entire decision making process, where each individual had different perception and different behavior in particular situation. Their personal opinion leads them to one wrong decision first but later on with just one leading, convincing, neutral and practical individual, they were able to think on the other side of the case and finally they reached to right conclusion. It was the 12th Juror, who did not agree to this decision. He declared that he did not imply that the accused was innocent. His only argument was that one cannot simply jump to any conclusion without examining all the data and assess the truth. We will write a custom essay sample on Ek Ruka Hua Faisla or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He justified that a person’s life was at stake and jurors should discuss all the factors associated with the case. He was interrupted by most of the jurors as some of them were in a hurry. Almost everybody had some excuse or other for going home or elsewhere. How the jurors arrived at the final decision after volatile interactions is what the movie is about. In â€Å"Ek Ruka Hua Faisla†, the focus is on the ‘process’ – it is not what happens but how it happens. The main aspect that is highlighted is how our mental models influence our data selection, understanding and actions. Although we assert that our perspectives and decisions should be based on data / information, even the data or information we select and what meanings we give them also depends on how we have grown up and our past experiences. The 12th Juror began the whole process of re-examination of available evidences in the case using the Socratic Method. He kept giving his arguments and tried to re-consider all the facts related to the case and many jurors started taking interest in his arguments. One-by-one he brought up each evidence and through questioning the veracity of the observations, he established that most of the conclusions were based on assumptions and beliefs and thereafter the conclusions themselves were corrected. (â€Å"Socratic Method† provides the appropriate framework to ask the right questions and debate on all available data and their interpretation. The Socratic method is a form of inquiry and debate between individuals with opposing viewpoints based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas. Below is the different management functions/activities elaborated based on observation: PLANNING: The discussion was planned in the mind of initiator. There was no intention to discuss the case in the committee, but this initiator planned this strategy accordingly and the strategy led to discussion. ORGANIZING: After the strategy of discussion was implemented, the person who was handling and controlling the committee organized the entire discussion. He organized the voting process and discussion. LEADING: We observed that there was one person who was disagree initially with the decision because the proof for the decision making was not satisfactory to him. This dissatisfaction leads him to convince the other team mates to discuss more about this case and he required many logical points to reach to one particular conclusion. CONTROLLING: One more observation about other personality was controlling by nature. This individual was the one who was handling the whole decision making process. Controlling always leads to aggression. So we saw that the person who was controlling and handling the committee was aggressive often. Different Personalities Observed: Active: A person active by nature always have the quality of initiating. In this movie we observe few active personalities, amongst one who was the initiator for the discussion. Other active members supported the initiative taken by that individual. 1) Active-Constructive† Active-Constructive people are those who are active in a constructive way. They are initiatives and ideas have a constructive thought in their mind. Relating this to the movie, we see that after the initiative of one individual was supported by few active-constructive personalities. Mr. K. He initiated the discussion and he had supportive ideas. His arguments were more logical, practical and more based on reasoning. In the entire decision making process he was very patient and calm. In the end he convinced all his committee members who were against, with his practical approach. Mr. Anu Kapoor and Mr. S. M. Zaheer were also active-constructive by nature as they brought many strong points during the discussion. 2) Active-Destructive: Active-destructive are those people who have their original active ideas but supported by destructive behavior. These personalities are bias by nature and at times the personalized approach leads to destructive behavior. In the movie we see Mr. Pankaj Kapoor as an active-destructive personality. He was over emotional and he took the case very personally. He was very active in the decision making process but in a destructive way. Looking to some other Active-Destructive personality Mr. Subiraj was also a perfect example. He was active but he had community bias. Due to this bias behavior verbal conflicts arise amongst committee members and that situation leads the process to aggressive path. Passive: Individuals with passive personalities are those who never take initiatives and are least bothered about the situation around them. 1) Passive-Constructive: Individuals who are passive-constructive by nature do not take any initiative but when a suggestion is asked they have wide and constructive ideas to share. In the movie we find Mr. Subhash Udgate, Mr. Shailendra Goyal, Mr. Amitabh Shrivastav and Mr. Hemant Mishra with this kind of personality. This individuals were not initiative takers but when they were asked to support the case, they had very unique ideas and with that they supported the decision making process in constructive way. Passive-Destructive: Individuals with this personality never take any initiative and even when asked for the suggestions they always have the destructive ideas. Never supportive in any situation. Mr. M. K. Raina is the best suited example for this personality. He was least bother in the decision making of one individual’s life. His personal affairs were more important to him than the life of that boy. He didn’t show any active support in decision making. He was highly influenced by majority. Mr. Azeez Kureshi is also had this kind of personality. Least concerned of the situation and enjoying personal leisure. Conclusion: This movie needs to be viewed from time-to-time to help us reflect and examine how we perceive and deal with our issues and learn to keep the spirit of ‘Inquiry’ always alive within us to question our perceptions and get to the truth. Thus, coming to the conclusion of the movie we saw that a person with active constructive personality is always a good leader and we saw various other personalities and other management fundaments used in this movie.

Lab 12 the Central Nervous System free essay sample

Name_Jennifer Pettersen_ Central Nervous System Lab 1. Match the terms below with the statements that follow. A. Central sulcus | H. Medulla oblongata | B. Cerebral Cortex | I. Midbrain | C. Convolution (gyrus) | J. Optic Chiasma | D. Corpus callosum | K. Pineal gland | E. Falx cerebelli | L. Pons | F. Hypothalamus | M. Tentorium cerebella | G. Insula | N. Diencephalon | 1. Structure formed by the crossing-over of the optic nerves ___J__ 2. Part of the diencephalon that forms lower walls and floor of third ventricle _F_ 3. Cone-shaped structure attached to upper posterior portion of diencephalon __K__ 4. Connects cerebral hemispheres __D_ 5. Ridge on surface of the cerebellum ___C_ 6. Separates frontal and parietal lobes __A__ 7. Part of brain between diencephalon and pons __I___ 8. Rounded bulge on underside of brainstem __L__ 9. Part of brainstem continuous with the spinal cord __H_ 10. A layer of dura mater that separates occipital lobe from cerebellum _M____ 11. A layer of dura mater that separates occipital lobe from cerebellum __E___ 12. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab 12: the Central Nervous System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cerebral lobe located deep within lateral sulcus ___G_ 3. Thin layer of gray matter on surface of cerebellum ___B__ 2. Indicate which cranial nerve(s) is/are most closely associated with each of the following functions: 1. Sense of hearing __auditory________________________________________________ 2. Sense of taste __facial____________________________________________________ _ 3. Sense of sight _optic_____________________________________________________ 4. Sense of smell _olfactory__________________________________________________ __ 5. Sense of equilibrium __vestibular cochlear_________________________________________ 6. Conducting sensory impulses from upper teeth __maxillary trigeminal_________________ 7. Conducting sensory impulses form lower teeth __mandibular trigeminal___ 8. Raising the eye lids___occulomotor_________________________________ 9. Focusing lenses of eyes ___occulomotor____________________________________ 10. Adjusting amount of light entering the eye __occulomotor_________________ 11. Moving eyes______trochclear abducens_____________________________________ 12. Stimulating salivary glands _facial_________________________ 13. Movement of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles __accessory_______________ 14. Muscular movements associated with speech _vagus accessory hypoglossal_ 15. Muscular movements associated with swallowing _vagus accessory hypoglossal___ 3. Name the indicated structures. A. Frontal Lobe J. Transverse cerebral fissure B. Precentral gyrus K. Cerebellum C. Central Sulcus L. Pons D. Postcentral gyrus M. Medulla oblongata E. Parietal lobe N. Gyrus F. Parieto-occipital sulcus O. Cortex G. Lateral sulcus P. Sulcus H. Occipital lobe Q. White Matter I. Temporal lobe R. Fissure 4. Name the indicated structures. A. Septum pellucidum H. Pituitary gland B. Interthalamic adhesion I. Temporal lobe of cerebral hemisphere C. Cerebral hemisphere J. Mammillary body D. Interventricular foramen K. Pons E. Anterior commissure L. Medulla oblongata F. Hypothalamus M. Spinal cord G. Optic chiasma 5. Name the indicated structures. A. Parietal lob of cerebral hemisphere I. Corpora quadrigemina B. Corpus callosum J. midbrain C. Fornix K. Cerabral aqueduct D. Choroid plesux L. Arbor vitae E. Occipital lobe of cerebral hemisphere M. Fourth ventricle F. Thalamus N. Choroid plexus G. Posterior commissure O. Cerebellum H. Pineal gland . Name the indicated structures. A. Hypothalamus K. Crus cerebri of cerebral peduncles B. Mammillary body L. Pituitary gland C. Pons M. Pons D. Middle cerebellar peduncle N. Olive E. There is nothing labled E. O. Superior colliculus F. Pyramid P. Inferior colliculus G. Decussation of pyramids Q. Superior cerebellar peduncle H. Thalamus R. Middle cerebellar peduncle I. Crus cerebri of cerebral peduncles S. Inferior cerebellar peduncle J. Thalamus 7. Name the indicated structures. A. Dorsal Funiculus J. Dorsal Horn B. Ventral funiculus K. Ventral horn C. Lateral funiculus L. Lateral horn D. Dorsal root ganglion M. Central canal E. Spinal nerve N. Ventral median fissure F. Dorsal root O. Pia mater G. Ventral root P. Arachnoid mater H. Dorsal median sulcus Q. Spinal dura mater I. Gray commissure 8. Complete the following statements 1. Each of the 31 segments of the spinal cord gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves. 2. The bulge of the spinal cord that gives off nerves to the upper limbs is called the cervical enlargement. 3. The bulge of the spinal cord that gives off nerves to the lower limbs is called the lumbar enlargement. 4. The posterior median sulcus is a groove that extends the length of the spinal cord posteriorly. 5. In a spinal cord cross section, the posterior _horns__ of the gray matter appears as the upper wings of a butterfly. 6. The cell bodies of motor neurons are found in the _anterior horns of the spinal cord_ . 7. The __gray commisure__ connects the gray matter on the left and right sides of the spinal cord. 8. The _central canal_ in the gray commissure of the spinal cord contains cerebrospinal fluid is continuous with the ventricles of the brain. 9. Collectively, the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia meter are called spinal meninges.

impact of robtic program essays

impact of robtic program essays I saw the flier from Tech, and it was second week of school. I spotted out a robotic course at MIT. The program seemed tailored to my interest in math and science and to my competitive spirit. I couldnt resist the opportunity. When I asked some of my friends if they were willing to sign up for a course with me, most of them discouraged me by telling me it was too advanced for them or they did not have time for such a course. Finally one of my friends and I signed up. The first day was not the best day. My friend and I were the only two students from our school who had signed up for this course and other people in that class seemed to know much more about robotics than what we knew. We were all given identical kits containing Lego parts, a microscope, sensor, motors, batteries, and wire. Our task was to design a computer-controlled robot that would navigate around a game board. Before our project was initiated, we divided ourselves into groups and competed against each other. Sometimes we competed against other groups of students from other programs. My group faced many real world problems like the breaking of a wire at the last minute before a major the competition, or the robot refusing to follow the algorithm, which we had installed. I made my full share of mistakes, but by the end of the program, I had gained some real experience. Although our robot did not fare very well in the first couple of competitions, we came in second in our last competition. My learning process was underway, and I knew that I had found my place. Toward the end of the class my instructor asked me if I would like to come for the spring course as assistant instructor. The Experience I gained was worthwhile and an exhilarating affair while helping other in designing their Robots. I learned a lot from them while I was helping the spring group in designing their Robots. By then I knew I wanted robotics as my career. ...

Health Services Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Services - Term Paper Example The two direct communication and indirect communication are touched-on under medical development technology, major trends under the population demographic and the significance of mortality during ancient age is discussed. Social structure is an interconnection where the key relationship in it is an organization which is brought together as one. It is made up of an individual or a group that communicate and interact with a good understand among each other. When a community or group in a society does not interact with another group appropriately, fight or violence often erupts up. When violence emerges, the entire environment become unconducive to human hence affects health. The violence eventually leads to the collapse of the economy of a nation or society, when there is a dispute in a community or society, everything not only becomes scares but also costly, these affects the economy of a region thus the persistence of lead to health deterioration. There are three stages of medical te chnology development named; two separate direct communication stages and indirect communication stage. ... r scanning fractured bones of a patient, Lastly indirect communication is one where the patient is subjected to technology and the responsible specialist is concentrated to only the data collected from the patient the they interpret the data without being involve directly to the patients, example of these specialists are clinicians. Because better educated people stumble on it easier to attain and calculate such information (Nayga 2000, de Walque 2007). The U.S population demography have been fully balanced not according to the past events, U.S alone has many races than any other part of the world, this has been conspicuous enough to the whole world, Jacob needle man surveyed that white non-Hispanic as a race were extremely dominant in terms of population, followed by the pure Hispanic, the Black, Asian then lastly the other races. U.S.A population is moving up and data from the Census bureau indicates that U.S.A population is sky-rocketing aged an even more ethically various. Just b ecause of downturn in the recent economy, percentage of persons living in poverty also had to escalate in the past years. Current Structure The demography trends made is made up of two companies; Medicaid and medic are there to be main priorities. In a span of 15 years alone, there population shoots up from 151 million to 296 million, resulting to an annual growth of 1.2 percent. Females’ outnumbered man by a good difference of 4.4 million and since the female population is speculated to continue surpassing male population. These trends of population did not only take place in the U.S, but everywhere else around the world. The ratio of 1:10 for male to female, the trend led to situation where American for instance had to be born in a foreign country where non- English way of life worked

The California Wine Cluster Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The California Wine Cluster - Assignment Example Technology and innovation played a basic part in bridging the quality gap between European and California vintners (Porter 1998). Conventionally, European vintners had depended intensely on flavor (qualitative) and time-tried practices. Then later on, California winemakers started utilizing quantitative analysis to transform higher, more consistent quality of wines. Innovations rushed quickly right around the state's vintners, particularly in Napa, where the majority of the wineries were found alongside. Besides, U.C. Davis, one of the world leading wine research institute, assisted explore some new technologies i.e. mechanical harvesting, trickle watering system, and field transplanting. All of this upgraded the quality of Californian wines. By the mid 70s, California’s premium wines gained international fame (Porter and Bond 2008). Question 3 France experienced intense over production. The EU, under the Common Agricultural Policy for wine, had taken many steps to diminish wine yield in its member states thru an exhibit of subsidies. New vineyard planting of table wine grapes was precluded and re-planting of existing vineyards was permitted just each eighth year. Most EU underpin headed off to subsidized "bumming-up" of lower quality vineyards, having permanently uprooted over 1.2 million acres from production. Moreover, compulsory and voluntary refining, which changed wine into liquor for human utilization or fuel, uprooted wine from the open business. The labor costs in France also exceeded much. All of these factors stagnated France’s production (Porter and Bond 2008). Question 4 A great part of Australian wine business' success is generally accredited to substantial investment in innovations in viticulture engineering. Rare water assets empowered much of this movement. By the 1990s, Australia had established its elf as a cost competitive manufacturer of high caliber wines, with 3,000 cultivators and 1,000 wineries. Australian government had also furnished subsidizes for exports promotion commonly used for wine tasting in target advertises. Australia had likewise secured Wine Bureaus in numerous nations incorporating the United Kingdom, The United States, and Germany to organize promotional exercises. This has led Australia to be emerged as a leading wine-exporting nation (Porter and Bond 2008). Question 5 Wine clusters of California faced different issues in the 90’s and 00’s decades. These include remarkable variations in the quality and quantity of each year’s grape harvest due to fluctuations in weather and space constraints for new vineyards in the North Coast which along with emerging demand for vineyards raised the average price of undeveloped land in the Central Cost of California. Many premium growers of wine grapes preferred closer spacing to boost grape qualit y which increased the yields; however, these high-density plantings posed threats of increased operating costs up due to increased costs for labor and materials. Then, the supply constraints for high quality grapes impelled premium wine producers to

Role of the Military in Establishing Democracy

Role of the Military in Establishing Democracy ABSTRACT Under the conditions of globalization the term governance does not point to governmental and state actors, but it refers to intertwined governmental and non-governmental, private, transnational, national and local actors and networks, which guide and govern. Efficient and democratic governance has become an intended end of the state for the external assistance provision, notably for the United States. Analyzing the changes within the Defense Department and State Department after September 11, 2001, the author argues that, by militarizing the civil spheres of assistance such as foreign developmental aid, the USA jeopardize the main goal mentioned above. There is a tendency in USA to equalize military occupation with the modern concept of governance, which is an oxymoron as the military is one among many actors of governance and it can support democratic and efficient governance only by the establishment of security and its own accountability. Key words: military, governance, USA, democratization, developmental aid, militarization, stability and reconstruction, security INTRODUCTION Moving a society from insecurity toward security has been a perpetual goal of every community in the history of mankind. After the end of the Cold War hopes were raised that a global security concept would emerge which would embrace political, economic, diplomatic and other aspects of security; instead of narrow, defense-oriented concepts aimed at exclusive security for states and alliances. The rhetoric of commitments to democracy and human rights has become a central issue in current world politics. The number of states ruled by the military has declined sharply, and the democratic control of the military, has started to become a norm. Between 1985 and 2001, world military expenditures declined by one-third; the arms trade underwent a 65 percent contraction at the same period. The concept of security sector reform is being developed by academic and practitioners as a framework for addressing the provision of security within the state in an effective and efficient manner, and in the framework of democratic civilian control. Simultaneously, globalization and growing interdependence have questioned conventional conceptualization of hierarchical dominance by a central government. Namely, it has been noted that large number of both international and domestic actors and growing importance of networks and other forms of interaction between state and society limit the capacity of states to govern in an autonomous manner to certain extent. Hence, both academic and practitioners have started to point out that more cooperative forms of governance are essential. Until the 1980s, the term governance was used as synonymous with government, but in the last two decades, political scientists and practitioners use it to refer to something broader. The new use of governance does not point to state actors and the institutions as the only relevant, but focuses on the role of networks in the pursuit of common goals: intergovernmental or inter- organizational, transnational, or networks of trust and reciprocity crossing the state-society divide.6 Providing for effective and democratic governance has become an intended end state for numerous actors dealing with various forms of external assistance. Keeping in mind all these changes, it should have been expected that the military is only one actor in dense web of horizontal and vertical networks governing local societies, and that its role, as a hierarchical, top-down institution, is declining. This paper systematize opposite practice within the U.S. military/Department of Defense and the U.S. foreign assistance, and outlines possible consequences for democratic governance. After the first part on the concept of governance in various academic and policy context, the main characteristic of military doctrine, budget and procurement practice of the United States after the end of Cold War will be outlined. The next part will research basic documents issued by the US government after the 9/11, 2001, and elaborate gradual transfer of civilian responsibilities to the military in areas related to foreign assistance and in stabilization and transition operations abroad. Finally, the effects of military build-up after 9/11 on the transparency and accountability of defense-related matters within the U.S. and securitization of the U.S. foreign assistance without consideration for the democratic governance in numerous states worldwide will be elaborated. THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE In this section the concept of governance within the academic and policy context will be defined, and the content of democratic and effective governance is elaborated. The approach toward governance applied in the US practitioners discussions related to the military and intervention will be presented. Until the 1980s, the term governance was used as synonymous with government. However, there are important differences in the current discourse. Anglo-American political theory uses the term government to refer to the formal institutions of the state and their monopoly of legitimate coercive power. Government is characterized by its ability to make decisions and its capacity to enforce them. In particular government is understood to refer to the formal and institutional processes which operate at the level of nation state to maintain public order and facilitate collective action. As of the 1980s, political scientists and practitioners refer to the term as distinct from government and as something broader, including civil-society actors, and the role of networks intergovernmental or inter-organizational (Rhodes); transnational (Rosenau), or networks of trust and reciprocity crossing the state-society divide (Hyden). The term is used in different subfields of political science: public administration and policy, international relations, comparative politics. Governance refers to self-organizing, interorganizational networks characterized by interdependence, resource-exchange, rules of the game, and significant autonomy form the state. Rod Rhodes refers to governance as a vogue word for reforming the public sector. Such approach can be placed within the filed of public administration and policy. Scholars in this field study the tasks, organization, management and accountability structure of the public sector. This approach is echoed within policy circles in the World Bank definition of governance as the institutional capability of public organizations to provide the public and other goods demanded by the countrys citizens or their representatives in an effective, impartial, transparent and accountable manner, subject to resource constraints. The World Bank subdivides the public sector into three broad categories: policymaking, service delivery, and oversight and accountability. Institution development cuts across all these sectors. The efficient governance is also related to this subfield, as opposite to poor governance, which the Bank identified as the cause of the prolonged economic crisis in developing countries. Other synonyms in use are good and weak governance respectively. It is important to note that, keeping in mind decentralization, transfer of authority to supranational organizations, and the delivery of public services by private actors, the distinction between public and private that characterizes traditional public administration theory is not clear. There is a baseline agreement that governance refers to the development of governing styles in which boundaries between and within public and private sectors have become blurred. The essence of governance is its focus on governing mechanisms which do not rest on recourse to the authority and sanctions of government. The governance concept points to the creation of a structure or an order which cannot be externally imposed but is the result of the interaction of a multiplicity of governing and each other influencing actors. The last two points are very important as they imply that military governance, particularly externally imposed, is an impossible construction. The term global governance belongs in the field of international relations and it challenges the realist paradigm about the states as the most important units and the international system as anarchic, as there is no government reigning over all states. Global governance is conceived to include systems of rule at all levels of human activity from the family to the international organization in which the pursuit of goals through the exercise of control has transnational repercussions. Or, it could be defined as a shift from hierarchical and territorial relations of government to polyarchical, non-territorial and networked relations of governance networks and complexes that are bringing together governments, NGOs, military establishments, and private companies in new ways, as a part of an emerging system of global liberal governance.15 At least three perceptions of governance can be identified in international relations: a narrow perception of governance that refers to practically all activities in transnational networks; a broader perception of global governance as a meta affair, the process of coordinating the sum of transnational and intergovernmental activities; and third, the minimal definition of neo-realism that equates it with world government and therefore dismisses it as naive.16 Another field which refers to governance is comparative politics. Governance is the stewardship of formal and informal political rules of the game. Governance refers to those measures that involve setting the rules for the exercise of power and settling conflicts over such rules. Within comparative politics, governance focuses on state-society interactions, and deals particularly with the role of the state in economic development how to incorporate societal actors in order to gain the capacity to formulate and implement efficient economic policies; as well as with the theories of democratization. Governance is not equal to democracy democracy is one institutional setup that may or may not be the outcome of processes of governance. Additionally, as some democratic societies are not very efficient, particularly in post-conflict periods, and an important dimension of governance is to provide goods demanded by the countrys citizens or their representatives in cost-effective manner, for the Western/liberal actors it is necessary to underline both democratic and effective governance as the desired end state. As it is demonstrated above, governance is a very complex and multilayered term; nevertheless, the approach toward governance applied in the US practitioners guidebooks related to the external support and intervention is quite straightforward. Recent The Beginners Guide to Nation-Building by prominent RAND Corporation, for example, threats governance separately from rule of law, democratization, development, economic stabilization, and practically equates government and basic service provision with the governance. The opening under heading Governance is as follows: Societies emerging from the conflict may be able to wait for democracy, but they need a government immediately to provide law enforcement, education, and public health care. Electricity, telecommunications, water, and other utilities also require a government to regulate them, and, in some instances, to provide the service. Sometimes the intervening authorities initially serve as the government The intervening authorities need to choose partners carefully with a view to creating a government and distribution of power that will survive their departure. Similarly, regardless recent changes in the meaning of the term governance, it is used with regard to past events, again as synonymous for rule/government: The idea that the military has a central and key role to play in terms of democratization and governance is not new. The U.S. military has experience in military governance in Cuba and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War, in Germany during World War I, in Latin America during the Banana Wars, in Germany and Japan and other territories during World War II. To meet the World War IIs requirements a Military Government Division was established on the Army Staff and a School for Military Government was created at the University of Virginia in 1942. Linkage of governance and military goes back in openly colonial times, as the roots are found in 1899, when the Bureau of Insular Affairs was created as Americas first colonial office, created to support the Armys reconstruction and occupation duties in the Philippines, Cuba and Puerto Rico. THE U.S. MILITARY AFTER THE END OF COLD WAR Within this section the main characteristics of military doctrine, budget and procurement practice of the United States after the end of Cold War are outlined, and security gaps within peacekeeping missions noted by the Clinton administration. By contrast to substantial declines in defense budgets and arms trade worldwide, US military spending declined by only 17 percent between 1985 and 2001. Actually, the United States moved from spending only 80 percent as much as the (perceived) adversary group in 1985 to spending 250 percent as much in 2001. While the world changed rapidly and radically after 1990, Americas armed forces did not apart from reducing in size. Between 1990 and 2001, the US armed forces bought 45 major surface combatants and submarines, more than 900 combat aircraft, and more than 2000 armored combat vehicles (while upgrading another 800). Defense Planning Guidance drafted in 1992 by Paul Wolfowitz, Under Secretary of Defense, proposed the following: With the demise of the Soviet Union, the US doctrine should be to assure that no new superpower emerges to challenge the USAs benign domination of the globe. The US would defend its position by being military powerful beyond challenge. The USA would act independently when collective action cannot be orchestrated through ad-hoc coalitions. Pre-emptive attacks against states seeking to acquire nuclear, biological or chemical weapons were desirable. The paper was buried during the Clinton administration, but still the Defense Department had basically spent the nineties buying one type of military while operating another. The military was split into two rival camps over decade: one that had to deal with the international security environment as it was (Military Operations Other Then War MOOTW) and another that preferred to dream of the one that should be. Or, in other words, during the decade prior to the terrorist attacks against the United States in September 2001, thinking about defense was driven by a theory about the character of future war rather than by clear visions of emerging threats in the context of history and contemporary conflict. Proponents of what became known as military transformation argued for a capabilities based method of thinking about future war. In practice, however, capabilities-based analysis focused narrowly on how the United States would like to fight and then assumed that the preference was relevan t. Defense transformation was firmly rooted in a widely accepted yet fundamentally flawed conception of future war: the belief that surveillance, communications and information technologies would deliver dominant battlespace knowledge and permit US forces to achieve full spectrum dominance against any opponent mainly through the employment of precision-strike capabilities. Readiness was defined as being fully prepared to execute the two-war scenario, although after 1989 the rising requirement was for a capacity to handle frequent and multiple smaller-scale contingencies of a complex sort: not just traditional combat missions, but also non-traditional missions, including stability and humanitarian operations. Despite that, during the 1990s the lions share of the militarys time and resources was devoted to traditional activities and threats. The vaunted two-war strategy made claims on almost all of Americas conventional assets; it dominated planning, training, and procurement. By the decades end, operations other than war especially peace, stability, and humanitarian operations were considered anathema.28 Baseline is that the military was expected to wage a major war (or two) against raising peer competitors, and no connection with democratic governance was established. In reality, the Clintons administration in the 1990s was involved in many peacekeeping or humanitarian interventions, within the UN framework or without it. Since Korea, the U.S. military has resisted performing police duties. However, it become obvious that the security gaps created during various international missions required putting boots on the ground, as actual security threats could not be eliminated by high-tech equipment pilled under the pressure of defense industry and Cold War era military officers mentality. The Americans had to press its European allies to provide police and constabulary forces for the growing number of missions, and frequently faced with difficulties. In 1997, the Clinton administration began an interagency effort to analyze and learn from the experience of the peace operations. The National Security Council (NSC) requested from the Office of the Secretary of Defense to prepare the first draft of a Presidential Decision Directive on international polic e and judicial assistance in countries emerging from ethnic conflict to find ways in which the United States could improve its capacity and that of the United Nations to rapidly deploy effective civilian police forces and rebuild criminal justice system during peace operations.29 U.S. military leaders believed that peace operations dull combat skills, expend resources, and reduce readiness; in addition, soldiers were neither trained nor equipped to deal with civilians. This predilection to avoid nation building was reinforced by the traumatic experience of Somalia. At the Pentagon, the majority view was that discussions on this topic were to be avoided, stressing a myriad of problems and uncertainties involving legal authority, funding, administrative restrictions, and interagency differences.30 But the assignment went to Office of Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Affairs in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, which believed that future peacekeeping missions were inevitable and that the Pentagon had a duty to provide clear guidance regarding constabulary functions. The process stretched into three years and only on February 24, 2000, Presidential Decision Directive 71 (PDD-71) on Strengthening Criminal Justice Systems in Support of Peace Operations was unvei led. It was under the pressure of the Department of State, as its officials were concerned about the UNs inability to stem violence in Kosovo.31 The Directive extensively addressed the role of civilian police, but also elaborated the understanding reached within the Defense Department on the need for U.S. military forces to perform constabulary functions during peace operations if necessary. Also, it provided a list of areas in which the U.S. military agreed it would cooperate and coordinate its activities with civilian police forces; and instructed the State to enhance U.S. capability to provide civilian police, including the increase of the speed with which is able to recruit, train, and deploy American civilian police abroad (through commercial contractors). However, at the time president Clinton left office, the efforts of assigned leading agency, State Department, to implement PDD-71 made little progress as differences arose between agencies with conflicting organizational cultures and institutional priorities.32 THE BUSHS ADMINISTRATION RESPONSE TO 9/11 This part analyses basic documents issued by the US government after the 9/11, 2001, and elaborate gradual transfer of civilian responsibilities to the military in areas related to foreign assistance and in stabilization and transition operations abroad. During the Bushs administrations first months in office, Washington agencies began an internal debate over the property of U.S. involvement in what were called complex contingency operations, stability and support operations, or multidimensional peace operations. To many it seemed safer and intellectually more comfortable to retain the U.S. militarys Cold War mission and to leave responsibility for peacekeeping to others.33 PDD-71 was abandoned and forgotten, so that even superb experts years later claim that the United States has been engaged in non-stop nation building since the end of the Cold War, but every one of this operations started virtually from the scratch, with little attempt to tap the expertise developed in the past. The terrorists attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, inflicted massive casualties, but could not be seen as a purely military threat. The response to terrorist threat has been possible within three layers: nonmilitary international solutions, military options, and homeland security measures. An examination of federal spending since September 11, 2001, in light of such framework reveals that in budgetary terms, military solutions are clearly preferred, even though much of the new money devoted to the defense department have little effect in addressing the problems of terrorism. Nonmilitary international measures are the clear losers of the budget sweepstakes.35 With the attack on 9/11 a new Big One threat was found possible pear competitions like China dropped off the radar, to be replaced by terrorist groups with global reach and any rogue nation suspected of supporting them.36 Global War On Terror (GWOT) was proclaimed, and although the Bush administration touts a multi-faceted campaign to disrupt and destroy terrorism worldwide one that balances military measures with diplomatic and economic ones, it has reached primarily for the handy one the military actions. Only after initial military operations quickly removed the Taliban and Ba-athist regimes from power, the disconnection between the true nature of these conflicts and pre-war visions of future war was revealed. Previous reluctance toward Military Operations Other Than War helps explain the lack of planning for the aftermath of both invasions as well as why it took so long to adapt to the shifting character of the conflicts.37 But how such adaptation to the character of the conflict has been carried out Alongside the threats to national security of the United States on its own soil, since September 11, democracy has become critical for the legitimization of interventions and post-conflict engagements. In the States it has been embraced by both supporters and opponents of Bush administration policies, and has become the proposed solution to all sorts of global challenges: terrorism, civil war, corruption, post-communist transitions, economic backwardness While the moral dimension of encouraging democratization through a foreign military presence is complex and multifaceted,38 or blatantly highly dubious, within this paper only concrete changes related to the U.S. foreign assistance are discussed. The U.S. arm sales and military assistance have been controversial form the aspect of human rights and democracy promotion for long time. However, the changes in these areas as of 9/11 are of major significance. Although weak and failed states are defined as a security threat,39 much of the expansion of military-to-military relations occurs with countries that fit the criteria of poorly performing states as determined by the UN Development Program, the World Bank, and Freedom House.40 At the same time, the bar has been raised for developmental aid, and weak and failing states are explicitly excluded from a new program which promotes development on the ground that the aid would not be effective for the areas of poor governance. Namely, The Millennium Challenge Account, proposed by President G. W. Bush in March 2002 and authorized by the Congress, promises to deliver substantial new flows of foreign assistance to low-income countries that are ruling justly, investing in their own peopl e, and encouraging economic freedom. More specifically, U.S. military and police aid to 47 poorly performing states, analyzed in a massive research conducted by a think-tank in the States, began to multiply in 2002, so that taken together these countries received 114 times as much assistance in 2004 as they did in 2000. The bulk of money went to seven countries classified as war on terror states Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Indonesia, Tajikistan and Djibouti. U.S. government documents claim that an underlying purpose of aid to all of these states is to encourage human rights and pluralistic politics. In fact, on September 11 three of these seven countries were legally banned from receiving U.S. security assistance by Foreign Assistance Act which prohibited aid to countries whose government reached power through a military coup and countries developing nuclear weapons. Additionally, Congress had prohibited most aid to Indonesias security forces due to serious human rights concerns. However, the Bush adminis tration waived these prohibitions in the weeks following the attacks on 9/11.42 The aid was channeled for various purposes, primarily weapons and equipment, but also even food, uniforms, and salaries for some militaries in Central Asia so unestablished, unprofessional or underequpped. Additionally, the United States trained 4.5 times as many military and police personnel from the war on terror countries in 2003 as it did in 2000, excluding joint military operations and joint training exercises, which do not appear in official reports to Congress. Within the same research, another group of 12 poorly performing states were categorized as strategically important: Georgia, Nigeria, Kenya, Azerbaijan, Ethiopia, Guinea, Eritrea, Cameroon, Zambia, Chad, Tanzania and Niger. The principal U.S. interest served by security aid has been to maintain governments friendly to the United States; these countries have something US whishes to protect natural resources, geographic location, or a position of regional leadership. The aid for these states in 2004 raised about 70 percent over 2000 levels. For majority of them the State Departments 2004 foreign aid request called for improving the recipient countrys ability to participate in peacekeeping missions. Peacekeeping means interoperability, i.e. that militaries have similar structures and training and use similar weapons and equipment. It benefits U.S. defense industries; and peacekeeping mission provides US with a politically palatable reason for maintaining close military ties with troubl ed countries. Transferring weapons and teaching lethal skills are less controversial for the U.S. Congress to approve, if the goal is to create a corps of blue-helmeted guarantors of human rights and regional stability.44 The adaptation to culture-centric warfare within the U.S. military itself has been slow. For example, the Army released its first counter-insurgency manual in decades and West Point has offered its first-ever class entirely focused on counterinsurgency warfare only three years after 9/11.45 On 28 November 2005, the Department of Defense issued Directive 3000.05 Military Support for Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction Operations (SSTR). Military support to SSTR is defined as Department of Defense (DoD) activities that support U.S. Government plans for stabilization, security, reconstruction and transition operations, which lead to sustainable peace while advancing U.S. interests. It practically represents a new doctrine as defines a new policy for Do D. Stability operations are a core U.S. military mission that the Department of Defense shall be prepared to conduct and support. They shell be given priority comparable to combat operations and be explicitly address and integrated across all DoD activities including doctrine, organizations, training, educations, exercises, material, leadership, personnel, facilities, and planning.47 A December 2005 Presidential Directive was issued to promote the security of the U.S. through reconstruction and stabilization for foreign states and regions at risk of, in, or in transition from conflict or civil strife. The directives states the response to these crises will include among others, activities relating to internal security, governance and participation, social and economic well-being, and justice and reconciliation. DoD Quadrennial Defense Review from early 2006 includes increased funding for fighting non-state actors, new efforts to improve interagency cooperation, and emphasis on agility and speed to counter emerging, asymmetric threats; and plans for over 30 percent increase in civil-affairs units.49 It provides roadmaps for Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction (SSTR), Irregular Warfare, and Building Partnership Capacity to address new military requirements and to advance them in future defense programs.50 However, while the directive demonstrates the importance of incorporating democracy as well as governance efforts in this work, it doesnt define both the Department of States and Defenses roles in these kinds of endeavors, along with how they can coordinate with other actors including NGOs, contractors, foundations, universities, and the private sector. The three roadmaps call for increased military involvement in establishing and supporting democratic and effective governance across the spectrum of conflict, but the concepts in these roadmaps are underdeveloped.51 THE CONSEQUENCES FOR DEMOCRATIC AND EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE Same important improvements have been made both with the military and civilian authority with regard to the involvement on the ground in foreign (AFRICOM), and the administrations Building Global Partnerships Act.55 Namely, the Office of the Secretary of Defense has developed a proposal, the Building Global Partnership Act that authorizes the military to do nearly everything it has done in Iraq and Afghanistan anywhere in the world, without subscribing to the human-rights and other restrictions that govern State Department dollars. The proposal reaches well past the Pentagons traditional areas: military-to-military training-assistance programs and weapons sales, and it would allow Defense to engage itself in virtually entire architecture of another countrys internal security. The downstream threat is that the State Department becomes the supporting institution for Defense Department initiatives, instead to formulate and lead the foreign policy according to its criteria and priorities .56 The Pentagons expanding foreign assistance role raises concerns that U.S. foreign and development policies are being subsumed by a short-term security agenda, that it will exacerbate the longstanding and glaring imbalance between the military and civilian components of the U.S. approach to state-building, and may undermine long-term U.S. foreign policy and development objectives to advance security, good governance and growth.57 Alongside relying more heavily on military instruments that on civilian ones, the U.S. approach is distinctive from many other donor governments, the European Union, and the United Nations, with regard to its underlying motivations. Whereas many other donors place the emphasis on foreign coherence for development that its, ensuring the alignment of national policy instruments to alleviate poverty and lay the conditions for self-sustaining growth in target countries U.S. engagement with weak and failing states is focused overwhelmingly on what might be termed policy coherence for national security that is, integrating policy tools to prevent weak states from generating transnational security threats that could harm the United States and its allies (rather) than on alleviating the structural causes of instab

Why My Education Is Important

Why My Education is Important? I often dream about having a successful career in the business world, but to achieve this goal, I must have an education. Education is extremely important to me. In the business world, success depends on lots of knowledge. In my opinion, education is the foundation of life, and it also increases my knowledge around the world. However, the most important thing about education is that education opens up the window of opportunities. The world of business is a very complicated place in which to survive.For example; the stock market can change it's mood every single day. What I mean by that is, a stock can change its value at any moment. People who are involved in the stock market struggle between becoming poor or becoming rich. To be able always to stay on the winners side, I need lots of education. Education helps me to make good decisions in the business world and for my life. Not just in business, education will also benefit me throughout my life, person ally and socially. An education should help me to have less financial problems. It will enable me to become independent.My educational experiences have provided me with many opportunities to solve problems in every day life. The education which I have received in history classes,for instance, has provided me with cultural information from every country. I believe education will help to build a circle of people who will be important to me in my career in the future. In summary, why education is important to me? Education helps me to understand the business world. It prepares me for a better future and numerous other things of which at this time I am unaware.The most important reason education is so important to me is that education opens windows for me and it gives me opportunities for a better quality of life. My parents and many of my teachers (Mrs. Kirker, Coach Bowman and many more) care about my education. They explain why education is important to me almost every time they have a chance. As a responsible teenage adult, I need to focus on my education and elevate my educational level, so that my chances of having a difficult future will be less!

Help Ever, Hurt Never Essay

Everyone should act up to the motto: Help Ever, Hurt Never. Every educated person should engage himself or herself in selfless service to society with humility and a pure heart. All academic distinctions or even observance of spiritual practices are of no use if there is no love in the heart. Love and compassion are inherent in every person. Each has to share this love with others. Failure to share one’s love is gross ingratitude to society, to which one owes everything. One should give one’s love freely to others and receive love in return. This is the deep significance of human life. To purify the mind, one should nurture noble and sacred thoughts of service to others. One who does not hurt anybody and has feelings of love and compassion to fellow beings is the greatest of men. That is why sage Vyasa gave the essence of the eighteen Puranas (scriptures) in the aphorism: Help Ever, Hurt Never. Help rendered, however small, if it comes from the deeper urges of service welling in the heart is as good as the offer of life itself. Look about for chances to relieve, rescue or resuscitate. Train yourselves that you may render help quickly and well. Seva is the most paying form of austerity, the most satisfying and the most pleasurable. It springs out of Love and scatters Love in profusion. To help the helpless is the only way to please Him, to follow and reach Him. Serve people with no thought of high or low; no Seva is high, no Seva is low, each act of Seva is equal in the eye of the Lord. It is the readiness, the joy, the efficiency, the skill with which you rush to do it that matters. Train yourselves to serve God by serving man, in whom there is God installed in the heart. Convince yourself that the seva of man is worship of God. Efforts to serve must spring from agony at the suffering of others and the service must be genuine effort to get rid of that anguish. Do not worry about the result. Help as much as you can, as efficiently as you can, as silently as you can, as lovingly as you can, leave the rest to God, who gave you the chance to server. You should make every effort to avoid harming others in any circumstance. You are only hurting yourself when you hurt others. You should not use harsh words. When you develop human values, you can be free from diseases and even enjoy good health with God’s Grace. Ahimsa, the virtue of non-violence involves much more than abstention from injuring living beings. One should desist from causing pain to any living being not only by his deeds but even by his words and even in his thoughts. One should not entertain any idea of hurting or humiliating another. Service to man will help your divinity to bloom, for it will gladden your heart and make you feel that life has been worthwhile. Service to man is service to God. For He is in every man and every living being and in every stone and stump. Offer your talents at the Feet of God; let every act be a flower, free from creeping worms of envy and egoism and full of fragrance of love and sacrifice. If you have the talent, use it for the glorification of God and do it by uplifting man. A manishi (ordinary man) gets transformed into Maharishi (sage) by engaging in selfless service. You have to transform your life through service. You should give no room for arrogance or self-interest to the slightest extent in your service activities. Install in your heart the feeling that the service you render to anyone is service to God. Only then does service to man become service to Madhava. Hence you should scrupulously follow the maxim: HELP EVER, HURT NEVER.

Human Trafficking Is A Problem Within The U.s. Essay

Human Trafficking Human Trafficking is a problem within the U.S. and Globally. Human trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may involve providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the withdrawal of organs or tissues, including for replacement and ova removal. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the person because of the violation of the victim s rights of movement through coercion and because of their viable corruption. Human trafficking is the trade in people, and does not necessarily involve the undertaking of the person from one place to another. Slavery The very first means of human trafficking came by way of slavery. The history of slavery spans nearly every culture, nationality, and religion and from prehistoric times to the present day. 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